A surface network based method for studying urban hierarchies by night time light remote sensing data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bin Wu  Qiusheng Wu  Zuoqi Chen  Jianping Wu 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(7):1377-1398

Urban hierarchies are closely related to economic growth, urban planning and sustainable urban development. Due to the limited availability of reliable statistical data at fine scales, most existing studies on urban hierarchy characterization failed to capture the detailed urban spatial structure information. Previous studies have demonstrated that night time light data are correlated with many urban socio-economic indicators and hence can be used to characterize urban hierarchies. This paper presents a novel method for studying urban hierarchies from night time light data. Night time light data were first conceptualized as continuous mathematical surfaces, termed night time light surfaces. From the morphology of these surfaces the corresponding surface networks were derived. Hereafter, a night time light intensity (NTLI) graph was defined to describe the morphology of the surface network. Then, structural similarity between the night time light surfaces of any two different cities was calculated via a threshold-based maximum common induced graph searching algorithm. Finally, urban hierarchies were defined on the basis of the structural similarities between different cities. Using the 2015 annual NPP-VIIRS night time light data, the urban hierarchies of 32 major cities in China were successfully examined. The results are highly consistent with the reference urban hierarchies.  相似文献   

A network theory approach for a better understanding of overland flow connectivity          下载免费PDF全文

Rens J. H. Masselink  Tobias Heckmann  Arnaud J. A. M. Temme  Niels S. Anders  Harm P. A. Gooren  Saskia D. Keesstra 《水文研究》2017,31(1):207-220

Hydrological connectivity describes the physical coupling (linkages) of different elements within a landscape regarding (sub‐) surface flows. A firm understanding of hydrological connectivity is important for catchment management applications, for example, habitat and species protection, and for flood resistance and resilience improvement. Thinking about (geomorphological) systems as networks can lead to new insights, which has also been recognized within the scientific community, seeing the recent increase in the use of network (graph) theory within the geosciences. Network theory supports the analysis and understanding of complex systems by providing data structures for modelling objects and their linkages, and a versatile toolbox to quantitatively appraise network structure and properties. The objective of this study was to characterize and quantify overland flow connectivity dynamics on hillslopes in a humid sub‐Mediterranean environment by using a combination of high‐resolution digital‐terrain models, overland flow sensors and a network approach. Results showed that there are significant differences between overland flow connectivity on agricultural areas and semi‐natural shrubs areas. Significant positive correlations between connectivity and precipitation characteristics were found. Significant negative correlations between connectivity and soil moisture were found, most likely because of soil water repellency and/or soil surface crusting. The combination of structural networks and dynamic networks for determining potential connectivity and actual connectivity proved a powerful tool for analysing overland flow connectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Theoretical Prediction of Gibbs Free Energies of Formation for Crystalline α-MOOH and α-M2O3 Based on a Linear Free-Energy Relationship     

SUN Xiaoming 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):656-660

In the present study, the modified Sverjensky–Molling equation, derived from a linear-free energy relationship, is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of α-MOOH (with a goethite structure) and α-M2O3 (with a hematite structure) from the known thermodynamic properties of the corresponding aqueous trivalent cations (M3+). The modified equation is expressed as ΔG0f,MVX=aMVXΔG0n,M3++bMVX+βMVXγM3+, where the coefficients aMVX, bMVX, and βMVX characterize a particular structural family of MvX (M is a trivalent cation [M3+] and X represents the remainder of the composition of solid); γ3+ is the ionic radius of trivalent cations (M3+); ΔG0f,MVX is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of MvX; and ΔG0n,M3+ is the non-solvation energy of trivalent cations (M3+). By fitting the equation to the known experimental thermodynamic data, the coefficients for the goethite family (α-MOOH) are aMVX=0.8838, bMVX=?424.4431 (kcal/mol), and βMVX=115 (kcal/mol.?), while the coefficients for the hematite family (α-M2O3) are aMVX=1.7468, bMVX=?814.9573 (kcal/mol), and βMVX=278 (kcal/mol.?). The constrained relationship can be used to predict the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases and fictive phases (i.e. phases that are thermodynamically unstable and do not occur at standard conditions) within the isostructural families of goethite (α-MOOH) and hematite (α-M2O3) if the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of the trivalent cations are known.  相似文献   

基于Quickbird影像的数字线划图数据更新          下载免费PDF全文

范志坚  付蓉 《海洋测绘》2011,31(2):72-75

伴随着我国国民经济建设的快速发展,有必要对现势性较差的1:1万数字线划图(DLG)数据进行更新.常用数据更新方法比较繁琐,成本比较高,制作的周期也较长.因此,对基于Quickbird影像对1:1万DLG数据更新的相关技术进行了探讨.  相似文献   

The Energy Relationship between Ions and Soil Particles based on Wien Effect and Its Application in Soil Science     

《地球科学进展》2015,30(12):1295

The interaction between ions and soil particles plays an important role in the mobilization and bioavailability of ions in soils, which is one of the main research areas of soil chemistry. The new method based on suspension Wien effect has been developed recently to determine the binding energy and adsorption energy between ions and soil particles. Compared with other methods on the basis of adsorption isotherm or ions activity, Wien effect method has more advantages including convenience and direct measurement. The term suspension Wien effect refers to the increase of electrical conductivity of suspension with increasing applied electrical field. In this review paper, we introduced the fundamentals of suspension Wien effect, the apparatus about the Wien effect measurement, and along with demonstrating their application to quantifying the particles-ions interactions for several systems of soils. Our studies indicated that divalent cations have larger binding energies and adsorption energies on soil particles than monovalent because of the electrostatic interaction. However, few studies about the interaction between Cr³⁺ and La³⁺ on soil particles showed that the binding energy and adsorption energy of trivalent cations are lower than those of divalent cations because of hydrolysis. Soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and iron oxides significantly affected the binding energy and adsorption energy of ions. Our results deepened our understanding about the non specific adsorption of ions in soil chemistry, and enlarged the research area of soil chemistry in fundamental and methodology.  相似文献   

地理国情水系要素的自动提取     

张瑞  王圣尧  刘善磊  石善球  周佳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(6):59-61

在地表覆盖水系图斑采集的基础上,利用Rosenfeld细化算法实现地理国情水系要素中心线的自动提取。首先兼顾提取质量确定图像由矢量转换为栅格的最佳像素值,然后根据内存访问效率和图像块大小的关系选择图像分块处理技术。此外,采用图像形态学的膨胀与腐蚀算法、线段长度条件约束和曲线节点抽稀等技术确保中心线提取质量。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法准确、高效,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

边角后方交会最优图形与精度分析     

崔有祯  韩光瞬  李文杰 《北京测绘》2011,(3):89-90

利用严密误差分析方法,对边角后方交会几何图形进行分析,得出最优图形,并根据得出的点位误差等值线圈定边角后方交会图形的＂危险区域＂。同时根据工程现场实际情况有针对性地提出改进或优化图形的方法。  相似文献   

Formal definition of a user-adaptive and length-optimal routing graph for complex indoor environments     

GOETZ Marcus  ZIPF Alexander 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,14(2):119-128

Car routing solutions are omnipresent and solutions for pedestrians also exist.Furthermore,public or commercial buildings are getting bigger and the complexity of their internal structure has increased.Consequently,the need for indoor routing solutions has emerged.Some prototypes are available,but they still lack semantically-enriched modelling (e.g.,access constraints,labels,etc.) and are not suitable for providing user-adaptive length-optimal routing in complex buildings.Previous approaches consider simple rooms,concave rooms,and corridors,but important characteristics such as distinct areas in huge rooms and solid obstacles inside rooms are not considered at all,although such details can increase navigation accuracy.By formally defining a weighted indoor routing graph,it is possible to create a detailed and user-adaptive model for route computation.The defined graph also contains semantic information such as room labels,door accessibility constraints,etc.Furthermore,one-way paths inside buildings are considered,as well as three-dimensional building parts,e.g.,elevators or stairways.A hierarchical structure is also possible with the presented graph model.  相似文献   

利用目标点最小生成树的路面裂缝检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹勤  李清泉  毛庆洲  陈龙 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(1):71-75

分析路面裂缝的成像特点,提出了一种基于目标点最小生成树的路面裂缝检测方法。最小生成树具有描述空间线性聚集特征的优点,有利于实现对裂缝的全局分析和提取。实验结果表明,对不连续裂缝的处理,本文方法优于传统方法。  相似文献   

利用数学形态学的遥感影像水系提取方法     

李辉  代侦勇  张利华  蒋志勇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(8):956-959

针对目前遥感水系提取存在的问题,提出了一种基于数学形态学的遥感影像水系提取方法。该方法在光谱模式识别提取水体信息的基础上,利用数学形态学方法将提取的水体结果进行断线连接、去噪及细化等处理,从而得到连续的水系。以Landsat ETM+影像为例进行了实验,结果表明,该方法可以提取连续、完整的水系;且提取的水系精度与现势性均优于国家测绘局发布的1∶25万数字线划图(DLG)水系。  相似文献